Hair diseases encompass a variety of disorders affecting the hair and scalp, leading to symptoms like hair loss, itching, scalp infections, and changes in hair texture or growth. Here is a full, detailed explanation of key hair diseases, including their causes, symptoms, and treatments:

Common Hair Diseases

Alopecia Areata

• A type of autoimmune disease in which the immune system is compromised to attack hair follicles, resulting in patchy hair loss that happens suddenly.

• The symptoms involve circular patches of baldness on the head or any other part of the body.

• It can have an association with other autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid disease or vitiligo.

• Topical immune therapies and corticosteroids are part of treatment, though spontaneous regrowth may take place.

Androgenetic Alopecia (Male and Female Pattern Baldness)

A genetically determined disease that causes progressive baldness and thinning of hair.

• Men are generally affected by receding hairlines as well as bald patches on the scalp.

Diffuse scalp thinning is common in women. This is treated with drugs such as minoxidil and finasteride or hair transplant surgery.

Telogen Effluvium

• Stress-induced, nausea-induced, surgery-induced, and hormonal changes-induced temporary hair shedding.

• Loss of hair is diffuse, ascorbic, and normal regrowth ensues upon resolution of the trigger.

Traction Alopecia

• Also, hair loss due to excessive pulling or stretching out of hair, usually through tight hairstyles, such as braids and ponytails.

• Traction and hair care changes should be avoided to avoid progression.

Other Hair Disorders

• Hair breakage may be due to cosmetic damage as a result of overprocessing (bleaching, perming).

• Hair growth and texture may be affected by genetic and developmental disorders.

Diagnosis and Treatment

It is diagnosed through clinical examination, history, scalp biopsy, and in some cases through laboratory tests to find underlying causes. Treatments vary widely:

• Drugs encompass corticosteroids, immunomodulators, antifungal drugs, and minoxidil.

• The changes in lifestyle and management of stress promote hair.

• Surgical procedures such as hair transplants are suggested in a few instances.

• Early diagnosis and treatment are also beneficial, particularly in cases of inflammatory and autoimmune hair diseases.

• Hair conditions affect the outlook and mood, and it is necessary to appoint dermatologists or trichologists to help manage them individually.